O Que Todo Neurocirurgião Deve Saber Sobre Disreflexia Autonômica em Lesado Medular

What Every Neurosurgeon Should Know About Autonomic Dysreflexia in a Spinal Cord Injury

• Carlos Umberto Pereira (1)    
• Débora Moura da Paixão Oliveira (2)    

• https://doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.2022.330404
• J Bras Neurocirur 33 (4): 481-485, 2022

Resumo

Introdução: Disreflexia autonômica medular (DAM) tem sido comum em pacientes vítimas de traumatismo raquimedular acima de T6. É considerada uma emergência médica. Um diagnóstico e tratamento adequado podem prevenir danos irreversíveis para os pacientes. Metodologia: Artigo de revisão de literatura utilizando as bases de dados LILACS, Ebsco, Scielo, PubMed e Cochrane usando os seguintes termos “autonomic dysreflexia”, “autonomic hyperreflexia”, “autonomic dysfunction” e “spinal cord cervical injury”. Resultados: Foram selecionados 37 artigos desde 1952 a 2016, pela sua relevância no tema abordado. Conclusão: Existem alguns pontos sobre a DAM que devem ser revistos. Primeiro, a deficiência de conhecimento no seu diagnóstico entre os profissionais de saúde que trabalham em emergência; segundo, as complicações que podem ser fatais para o paciente.

Palavras-chave

Sistema nervoso autônomo; Lesão medular cervical; Disfunção autonômica

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal cord autonomic dysreflexia (AMD) has been common in patients with spinal cord injury above T6. It is considered a medical emergency. Proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible damage to patients. Methodology: literature review article using the LILACS, Ebsco, Scielo, PubMed and Cochrane databases using the following search terms ‘autonomic dysreflexia’, ‘autonomic hyperreflexia’, ‘autonomic dysfunction’ and ‘spinal cord cervical injury’. Results: A total of 37 articles was selected from 1952 to 2016, due to their relevance to the topic addressed. Conclusion: There are some reasons to review the AMD. Firstly, the lack of knowledge in its diagnosis among health professionals working in emergency, and in second, complications that can be fatal for the patient.

Keywords

Autonomic nervous system; Spinal cord cervical injury; Autonomic dysfunction

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1MD, PhD, Neurosurgeon, Hospital de Urgências de Sergipe (HUSE), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.

2PhD in Health Sciences, Nurse, Vice-president of the Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem em Neurologia e Neurocirurgia (ABENEURO), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.

 

Received May 31, 2022
Corrected Jul 25, 2022
Accepted Aug 2, 2022